Freed from the built-in limitations of the brain, machine intelligence will then be able to use nanotechnological design to far exceed human intelligence. At that point, Kurzweil believes, a genuine synthesis of the strengths of human and machine intelligence becomes possible: pattern recognition and inference on the human side, large memory with instant recall and easy data-sharing on the machine side. By the end of the 2020s, computers will pass the Turing Test, simulating a living person well enough to fool an interrogator. By then, computer hardware should be capable of running accurate software models of human intelligence. This power increase, combined with the predicted growth of nanotechnology-robots the size of red blood cells inserted into the body-will make possible, within two decades, complete scanning of the human brain. By his reckoning, the raw power of information technologies is doubling annually. Kurzweil (The Age of Spiritual Machines, 1999, etc.) spends much time stressing the point that progress in the computer field moves at exponential rates. The Singularity, almost an article of faith in techie circles, is the point at which machine intelligence outstrips human brainpower. Worried about the Singularity? Fear not-here's the lowdown from an expert.
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